Explore the science behind the positive impact of pets on whole-person health.
Remember the recent news story about Portland International Airport’s Comfort Llamas? These charming llamas, donning “I love PDX” blankets, were stationed at the airport to offer emotional support to travelers grappling with the stress of travel. Their presence brought smiles and relief to many weary passengers, as seen in the joyful reactions captured in the airport’s Instagram footage shared on news feeds around the world. This unique form of comfort highlights how animals can provide a special kind of emotional support, much like the pets we have in our own homes. While there is limited research on the specific health benefits of llamas, the comforting effect of these gentle animals demonstrates the broader, well-documented impact of pets on our well-being.
For millions of people, pets are much more than companions—they’re family. Whether it’s the warm welcome after a long day or the therapeutic presence that helps soothe anxiety, pets have a significant impact on our overall health and wellness. Over 68% of U.S. households report having a pet, according to the American Pet Products Association. But beyond companionship, research has identified health benefits of having pets, from improved heart health to reduced stress and loneliness. Exploring the scientific evidence reveals the important physical, emotional, and social advantages that pets contribute to our lives.
The Emotional Connection: Pets and Mental Health
Pets are more than just companions; they can serve as a buffer against stress and emotional turmoil. A growing body of research points to the significant mental health benefits of pet ownership. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), pets help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression while encouraging a positive mental outlook. Dogs, in particular, are proven to reduce cortisol levels (the stress hormone) while promoting the release of serotonin, which improves mood. Similarly, other pets like cats, guinea pigs, and even fish have shown positive effects in alleviating anxiety and depression.
A recent poll by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) reports that 86% of pet owners believe their animals have a predominantly positive effect on their mental health. Both dog and cat owners report that their pets provide companionship, help reduce stress, and create a calming presence. Moreover, pets can encourage routines that promote emotional stability. Caring for a pet requires regular feeding, walking, and playtime, which can add structure to daily life. This structure provides a sense of purpose and accomplishment, contributing to emotional resilience.
Physical Health Benefits: Heart Health, Exercise, and Longevity
Owning a pet, particularly a dog, can motivate physical activity. Dog owners are more likely to meet recommended physical activity levels, as regular walks encourage exercise. According to a study published by UC Davis, more than 60% of dog owners achieve the recommended 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week. This consistent physical activity reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke, while also promoting weight management and reducing the risk of obesity.
Research from the American Heart Association suggests that dog ownership correlates with lower blood pressure, reduced cholesterol levels, and a decreased risk of heart disease. In a controlled study, pet owners were found to have lower resting heart rates and blood pressure compared to those without pets. Moreover, studies indicate that the simple act of petting an animal can increase oxytocin levels, often referred to as the “love hormone,” which enhances mood and lowers stress levels.
Beyond cardiovascular benefits, pets have also been linked to lower mortality rates. A 2019 study published in the journal Circulation showed that dog owners had a 24% reduced risk of all-cause mortality.
Social and Emotional Development in Children
Pets play an important role in the development of social skills in children, particularly those with developmental challenges. Studies have shown that interacting with animals, such as therapy dogs or guinea pigs, helps children with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) improve their social interactions. For example, a study conducted by the NIH found that children with autism spectrum disorder exhibited reduced anxiety and improved social engagement after playing with guinea pigs during supervised playtime.
Pets can also help children learn about empathy, responsibility, and compassion. By caring for an animal, children learn to be sensitive to the needs of others, which can translate into better interpersonal skills and increased emotional intelligence.
Senior Health: Companionship and Healthy Aging
For older adults, the companionship of a pet can significantly reduce feelings of loneliness and depression, which are common in this age group. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) has conducted studies that reveal the positive impact pets have on reducing social isolation in older adults. Seniors who own pets often report higher levels of physical activity, whether it’s from walking a dog or caring for a pet, which can delay the onset of cognitive decline and provide mental stimulation.
In addition, pets offer unconditional love and support, which can be crucial for individuals coping with long-term health issues. A 2020 study from the University of California found that seniors with Alzheimer’s or dementia who interact with pets experience reduced symptoms of distress, increased social engagement, and a higher quality of life.
The Power of Animal Therapy
Beyond the benefits of everyday pet ownership, animals also play critical roles in therapeutic settings. Therapy animals are trained to provide emotional and psychological support in hospitals, schools, and nursing homes. Dogs, in particular, are often used in therapy to help patients manage chronic illnesses like cancer or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to research from the NIH Clinical Center, dogs are skilled at providing mindfulness, focusing on the present moment and offering unconditional support during difficult times.
In the classroom, therapy animals help children with ADHD and other developmental disorders improve their concentration and emotional regulation. Studies show that children who read to therapy dogs experience improved social skills and emotional awareness.
Service animals also play a significant role in helping individuals with disabilities navigate their daily lives. Guide dogs assist the visually impaired, while psychiatric service dogs help veterans with PTSD manage anxiety and emotional flashbacks.
Choosing the Right Pet for Your Health and Lifestyle
Pets offer a range of health benefits, but the type of pet that best suits your needs can vary based on your lifestyle and preferences. Here’s a breakdown of how different pets can support your well-being:
Dogs
Dogs are known for their significant physical and social benefits. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), dog ownership is associated with increased physical activity, as dog owners typically engage in more exercise through daily walks. This increased activity can help reduce risks for conditions such as high blood pressure and heart disease. Additionally, research highlights that dogs foster social interaction, which can enhance emotional well-being and reduce feelings of loneliness.
Cats
Cats offer a lower-maintenance alternative to dogs, providing substantial emotional support. The Mayo Clinic notes that interacting with cats can increase serotonin levels and decrease stress hormones. Furthermore, the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests that early exposure to cats and other pets may reduce the risk of developing allergies and asthma by strengthening the immune system through early exposure to allergens.
Fish
Aquarium fish can be particularly soothing for mental health. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) reports that observing fish can promote relaxation, lower blood pressure, and reduce stress. Studies also indicate that fish tanks can improve nutritional intake and behavioral symptoms in elderly individuals with conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, due to their calming effect.
Horses
Horses provide unique psychological benefits and have been used in therapy for various conditions. The American Hippotherapy Association highlights that equine therapy can enhance self-esteem, motivation, and emotional regulation (American Hippotherapy Association, 2022). Horses have been employed in therapy for conditions such as cerebral palsy and autism, demonstrating their role in improving mental health and social skills.
Birds
Birds can offer therapeutic benefits similar to other pets. Observing birds has been linked to relaxation and improved mood. According to the American Birding Association, bird watching can reduce stress and foster a sense of calm (American Birding Association, 2021). Additionally, interacting with birds or maintaining a bird feeder can contribute to a sense of purpose and connection with nature.
Guinea Pigs
Guinea pigs are well-suited for younger children and individuals with specific needs. The American Academy of Pediatrics notes that small pets like guinea pigs can help children develop empathy, responsibility, and social skills. These pets can provide comfort and support, especially for children with developmental challenges.
Snakes and Reptiles
Although less conventional, snakes and other reptiles can be beneficial for some individuals. The National Geographic Society reports that reptiles are low-maintenance and can offer a calming influence due to their quiet nature (National Geographic Society, 2022). Reptiles have also been used in therapy settings to help patients with anxiety and depression, providing a unique form of emotional support.
When choosing a pet, consider how their specific benefits align with your lifestyle and health goals. Each type of pet offers distinct advantages, and selecting the right one can enhance your overall well-being and quality of life.
The Downside: Potential Risks and Responsibilities of Pet Ownership
While the benefits of pet ownership are numerous, there are responsibilities and potential downsides to consider. Pets require consistent care, financial resources, and time, which can be a burden for some individuals. Moreover, people with allergies to pet dander may find that owning a pet exacerbates their symptoms, leading to respiratory issues like asthma.
Additionally, certain pets may pose risks, particularly for young children. The NIH stresses the importance of educating children on how to interact with animals safely to avoid potential harm such as bites or scratches. It’s also important to be aware of hygiene and cleanliness when bringing animals into healthcare settings or homes with vulnerable individuals, as animals can sometimes carry germs that could pose health risks.
The evidence is clear: pets offer a range of physical, emotional, and social benefits. From improving heart health to fostering social connections in children and older adults, the bond between humans and animals is a powerful force for health and well-being. However, it’s essential to recognize the responsibilities that come with pet ownership and to select the right pet for your lifestyle and needs.
As scientists continue to explore the human-animal connection, we are likely to uncover even more ways pets enhance our health and enrich our lives. Whether you’re seeking companionship, a fitness buddy, or emotional support, a pet could be the perfect addition to your life.
CONSIDER THINK YOUR PARTNER IN A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO HEALTH AND HAPPINESS.
At think, we understand the holistic benefits that pets can bring to your health and well-being. Our comprehensive approach to healthcare includes not only medical treatment for your physical health but also support for your mental and emotional well-being. If you need personalized guidance on managing your health, we’re here to help.
To schedule an appointment or learn more about our comprehensive healthcare services, visit our Services page online and explore how our team of medical professionals can support you in achieving a balanced, healthy life. Choose your own think medical professionals by visiting our Meet Your Doctor page to connect with our expert providers who can assist in aligning your health goals with the benefits of a well-rounded lifestyle.